Fabrication,structural and dielectric property of lead-free perovskite silver niobate ceramics

Dielectric capacitors with high recoverable energy density are in high demand for their application in electrical and electronic systems. Among lead-free dielectric materials, silver niobate (AgNbO₃) has attracted growing interest due to its superior energy storage density at room temperature. The field-induced phase transition from antiferroelectric (AFE) phase to ferroelectric (FE) phase contributes to its large energy density. In this work, pure perovskite silver niobate ceramics were fabricated in an oxygen atmosphere by the solid-state reaction technique. The Pbcm orthorhombic phase of AgNbO₃ was closely observed using the Rietveld refinement method to provide explanation for the origin of high spontaneous polarization within a unit cell. Local structural analysis via piezoelectric force microscopy revealed the existence of ferroelectric nano domains, which may contribute to the high energy storage efficiency (η = 99.9926%) in AgNbO₃ at low electric fields. The phase transitions of AgNbO₃ were also investigated via the dependence of the dielectric permittivity (ε′ and ε″) and loss angle tangent (tanδ) on temperatures, providing insights into the further modification of AgNbO₃.     

Low dielectric loss ceramics in the Mg4Nb2O9-ZnAl2O4-TiO2 ternary system

This study used a traditional solid-state reaction method to prepare a series of composite ceramics in the 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂ ternary system. Crystalline phases and microstructure of Mg₄Nb₂O₉-ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ dielectric ceramic composites were investigated and correlated with the relevant dielectric properties. It was observed that the addition of Ti⁴⁺ substituted Nb⁵⁺ in the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ structure, which promoted the decomposition of Mg₄Nb₂O₉ to form the second phase, Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, during sintering. The synergistic effect of ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ co-doping promoted the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ ceramic densification. The sample (0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂) with x = 0.15?0.2 exhibited dielectric constants of 13–14, larger than those of ZnAl₂O₄, Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, due to the NbO₆ octahedra distortion resulting from the substitution of Al³⁺/Ti⁴⁺ for Nb⁵⁺ in Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅. The long-range order of the NbO₆ octahedra was enhanced by co-doping ZnAl₂O₄ and TiO₂, thereby enhancing the Qxf value. A dielectric constant of 13.1, Qxf value of 366,000 GHz and a τ_f of ?60.8 ppm/°C were obtained from 1300 °C sintered 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂. These results show that 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15 ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂ ceramic is a good candidate for microwave electronic device applications.     

Interaction of shear horizontal bend (SHB) guided mode with defects

The authors have recently reported on the attractive properties of shear-horizontal type feature guided (SH_B) waves for the inspection of 90° plate bends. Further to this, here the interaction of the SH_B mode with transverse and longitudinal defects in the bend region is studied using 3D finite element simulations validated by experiments. Trends are discussed in light of the underlying wave mechanics principles. The results show that the SH_B mode yields improved through-thickness defect resolution capabilities as compared to regular plate guided SH waves in view of mode confinement and higher frequencies used.     

Eckart acoustic streaming in a heptagonal chamber by multiple acoustic transducers

A new computational method was developed to simulate a two-dimensional Eckart acoustic streaming field in an ultrasonic heptagonal chamber actuated by multiple acoustic transducers with different associated frequencies and acoustic incident pressures. Simulation was conducted using the superposition of multiple spatial gradients of the Reynolds stresses and the second mean sound pressures at different frequencies. The developed method extends beyond the capabilities of the conventional method that is restricted to uniform frequency and incident pressure. Various acoustic streaming patterns can be feasibly generated by tuning the frequency and incident pressure of each individual transducer. The implementation of multiple acoustic transducers offers flexibility to control acoustic flows in microfluidic devices for various applications. Furthermore, the developed simulation method for acoustic streaming fields provides an optimization tool for the frequency, incident pressure and location of each transducer.     

Structural health monitoring system based on multi-agent coordination and fusion for large structure

In practical applications of structural health monitoring technology, a large number of distributed sensors are usually adopted to monitor the big dimension structures and different kinds of damage. The monitored structures are usually divided into different sub-structures and monitored by different sensor sets. Under this situation, how to manage the distributed sensor set and fuse different methods to obtain a fast and accurate evaluation result is an important problem to be addressed deeply. In the paper, a multi-agent fusion and coordination system is presented to deal with the damage identification for the strain distribution and joint failure in the large structure. Firstly, the monitoring system is adopted to distributedly monitor two kinds of damages, and it self-judges whether the static load happens in the monitored sub-region, and focuses on the static load on the sub-region boundary to obtain the sensor network information with blackboard model. Then, the improved contract net protocol is used to dynamically distribute the damage evaluation module for monitoring two kinds of damage uninterruptedly. Lastly, a reliable assessment for the whole structure is given by combing various heterogeneous classifiers strengths with voting-based fusion. The proposed multi-agent system is illustrated through a large aerospace aluminum plate structure experiment. The result shows that the method can significantly improve the monitoring performance for the large-scale structure.     

压电驱动电源快速放电回路的研究

为提高压电陶瓷驱动的高压精密微流量阀的频响及微流量输出控制精度,针对压电陶瓷驱动电源不能在断电后将压电陶瓷中的极化电荷迅速释放的缺点,该文在研究压电陶瓷驱动电源的过程中,设计并实现了一种新型快速放电回路,在驱动信号切断后,可快速对压电陶瓷进行放电,使其恢复初始状态,且其放电时间达到毫秒级.在完成快速放电同路特性仿真的基础上,利用所设计的压电陶瓷驱动电源及快速放电同路,对8 mm×8 mm×20 mm、电容为2.3 μF的压电陶瓷进行了驱动与快速放电试验测试,结果表明,该电源的快速放电特性,可有效提高压电驱动微流量阀流量的控制精度及流量阀的频率响应特性.     

含区间不确定性参数的机翼气动弹性优化

提出了一种具有区间不确定性的机翼颤振优化方法.采用拉丁超立方方法建立仿真试验表,基于MSC.Nastran平台进行颤振仿真分析.获得仿真数据之后,应用Kriging方法构造了包含区间不确定性参数的机翼颤振分析代理模型,并进行有效性检验.基于建立的代理模型并按照区间序数关系,将不确定性优化目标和约束条件转化为确定性表达形式,从面形成区间不确定性的结构优化设计方法.该方法将区间法优化和代理模型相结合,同时综合有限元仿真和遗传算法的优点,计算效率较高且应用范围较广.以某复杂机翼结构为例进行了含区间不确定性的颤振优化计算.分析结果表明了所提方法的正确性和可行性.     

A new route to fabricate SiB4 modified C/SiC composites

In order to improve the oxidation and thermal shock resistance of 2D C/SiC composites, dense SiB₄–SiC matrix was in situ formed in 2D C/SiC composites by a joint process of slurry infiltration and liquid silicon infiltration. The synthesis mechanism of SiB₄ was investigated by analyzing the reaction products of B₄C–Si system. Compared with the porous C/SiC composites, the density of C/SiC–SiB₄ composites increased from 1.63 to 2.23 g/cm³ and the flexural strength increased from 135 to 330 MPa. The thermal shock behaviors of C/SiC and C/SiC–SiB₄ composites protected with SiC coating were studied using the method of air quenching. C/SiC–SiB₄ composites displayed good resistance to thermal shock, and retained 95% of the original strength after being quenched in air from 1300 °C to room temperature for 60 cycles, which showed less weight loss than C/SiC composite.     

C/C热防护结构弹性波仿真分析方法及损伤对弹性波的影响

热防护结构（Thermal protection structures,TPS）作为可重复使用航天飞行器的关键结构,其安全性和可维护性至关重要。已有的针对可重复使用航天飞行器TPS的结构健康监测的研究不多,特别是C/C、C/SiC等复合材料制造的TPS。针对可重复使用航天飞行器C/C TPS,研究其基于主动弹性波的结构健康监测方法。提出了一种TPS弹性波数值仿真方法,在验证方法有效性的基础上,开展了面向C/C TPS损伤监测的弹性波传播特性研究,从信号时域特征、弹性波传播波场、损伤散射信号、损伤散射信号波场及损伤因子5个方面全面分析了弹性波在C/C TPS中的传播特性及损伤带来的影响。结果表明,当分层损伤边长大于25 mm后,损伤因子剧烈变化,因此采用基于弹性波的结构健康监测方法可以很好地监测C/C TPS内部分层损伤及损伤的扩展情况。      

弹性波在受拉钢绞线中传播的耦合与衰减

基于超声波的无损检测方法在钢绞线健康监测检中得到了越来越多的关注。目前大多数研究将钢绞线视为整体来研究弹性波在其中的传播特性,而很少研究弹性波在钢丝绞线间的传递及相互耦合。该文从单根钢丝的角度出发,分别通过仿真和实验的方法,在外围单根钢丝线中激励弹性波,测量其余钢丝线中的响应,分析弹性波在钢丝线间的传递关系。仿真和实验结果表明,在受拉钢绞线中,弹性波从激励钢丝线到其余钢丝线的传递率相同,与几何位置无关。随后改变信号接收位置,得到了弹性波随传播距离呈指数衰减的规律。